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Phenol is a common organic compound, also known as hydroxybenzene or phenol alcohol. Its chemical formula is C6H5OH, and its structural formula is C6H5-OH. Phenol is a white solid with a pungent odor and is easily soluble in water and many organic solvents.

Phenol is widely used in the chemical industry as a raw material for disinfectants, preservatives and dyes, as well as in the manufacture of perfume, detergents, plastics, rubber and other products. It can also be used to prepare drugs such as aspirin and acetaminophen.

The structural formula of phenol shows the binding of a benzene ring to a hydroxyl group. A benzene ring is a circular structure composed of six carbon atoms, each of which is also connected to a hydrogen atom. Hydroxyl group is a functional group consisting of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom, which forms a chemical bond with the carbon atom on the benzene ring.

The molecular structure of phenol determines its physical and chemical properties. Phenol is a weakly acidic substance that exhibits acidity in water. It can form a complex with metal ions, such as a blue-black complex with iron ions. In addition, phenol can also be oxidized to produce compounds such as phenolic aldehyde and phenone.

In order to ensure the safety of using phenol, we also need to follow correct safety procedures, such as correct storage, use of protective equipment such as protective gloves and glasses, and proper disposal of waste. In addition, we also need to understand the toxicity and environmental impact of phenol to minimize its harm to humans and the environment.