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Isobutanol and n-butanol are both isomers of butanol, and their molecular formulas are C4H10O, respectively. The difference between them is mainly reflected in their chemical structure and physical properties

From a chemical perspective, in the molecular structure of isobutanol, hydroxyl (- OH) is connected to the same carbon atom as methyl (- CH3) and ethyl (- CH2CH3) functional groups, while in the molecular structure of n-butanol, hydroxyl and three methyl functional groups are connected to different carbon atoms. This subtle difference leads to differences in their physical properties

In terms of physical properties, the boiling point of n-butanol is higher than that of isobutanol because the intermolecular forces in n-butanol are stronger and require higher temperatures to overcome. In addition, in chemical reactions, due to their different molecular structures, isobutanol and n-butanol may exhibit different reaction properties and selectivity

In the field of application, due to differences in chemical structure and physical properties, isobutanol and n-butanol have different uses in industrial production and laboratories. N-butanol is mainly used as a solvent and intermediate in organic synthesis, while isobutanol is mainly used to prepare ester compounds and volatile organic solvents

Overall, although isobutanol and n-butanol have only subtle differences in their chemical structures, these subtle differences affect their differences in physical properties and application fields, making them play different roles in the chemical industry. Studying and understanding these differences helps to better utilize their characteristics and promote the development and innovation of the chemical industry.