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In daily life, detergents are indispensable, and the two main components - alkali and surfactant - play important roles. This article will focus on the differences between alkalis and surfactants, as well as their different effects in the washing field, to help us better understand and choose detergents

1. The action of alkali 

Alkali is a chemical substance, and common bases include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Alkali has an alkaline pH value, which can neutralize acidic substances and make water more alkaline. During the washing process, alkali can enhance the effectiveness of detergents, especially in removing organic substances such as fats, oils, and proteins. In addition, alkali can also soften water quality, reduce the formation of scale, and improve the cleaning ability of detergents. However, excessive alkaline substances may be irritating to the skin, so attention should be paid to the dosage when using detergents

2. The function of surfactants, commonly referred to as surfactants, is a type of surfactant that can reduce surface tension and promote mixing between two immiscible media. Surfactants can make the detergent more easily diffuse, penetrate, and disperse, thereby better cleaning stains. Compared to alkali, surfactants have better cleaning ability and can protect clothing fibers and reduce damage during the washing process. In addition, surfactants also have wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, and anti-static effects, making clothes softer, brighter, and easier to iron

Although alkalis and surfactants have different effects during the washing process, they usually need to cooperate with each other to achieve the best washing effect. When choosing a detergent, the required alkaline and surfactant content can be determined based on the material of the clothing and the nature of the stains. For common stains on clothing such as oil stains, sweat stains, etc., the effect of surfactants is more prominent. For some white cotton fabrics that are resistant to decolorization, alkaline substances are even more important. In addition, it should be noted that excessive use of detergents may lead to clothing residue and environmental pollution, so moderate use is important

Summary: Alkali and surfactants are indispensable components in detergents, playing important roles in cleaning and protecting clothing, respectively. Alkali mainly plays a role in neutralizing acidic substances and softening water quality, while surfactants have the characteristics of reducing surface tension and strong cleaning ability. By selecting detergents reasonably and using them in moderation, we can better protect our clothes and enjoy a clean and comfortable life.