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Benzene and ortho benzene are common aromatic compounds in organic chemistry, and they have some differences in physical properties and application fields

1、 Physical properties 

1 Molecular structure: The chemical formula of para benzene is C6H6, which is a cyclic molecule composed of six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. The chemical formula of ortho benzene is also C6H6, which is a cyclic molecule composed of six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. There is no direct difference in their chemical structure

2. Polarity: Both para benzene and ortho benzene are non-polar molecules, and since all carbon carbon bonds in the cyclic structure are equivalent, there is no significant difference in electronegativity. This means they have some similarities in solubility and reactivity

3. Melting and boiling points: The melting and boiling points of para benzene and ortho benzene are very close, about 5 ℃ and 80 ℃, respectively. This is because their molecular structures are similar and their interaction forces are similar. The similarity of these physical properties makes para benzene and ortho benzene often used together in the laboratory

2、 Application field 

1 Application of p-benzene: p-benzene is an important organic chemical raw material widely used in the synthesis of other compounds, such as plastics and rubber in petrochemical industry. In addition, para benzene is also used in the preparation of solvents, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other fields

2. Application of ortho benzene: Ortho benzene has high reactivity and selectivity, and is widely used in organic synthesis reactions. It can be used to prepare spices, pigments, dyes, etc., and is also used as an intermediate in fields such as pesticides and medicine

Summary: Benzene and ortho benzene have similar physical properties, but there are some differences in their application fields. Benzene is mainly used in the synthesis of compounds, while ortho benzene is widely used in organic synthesis reactions. Understanding their differences helps us better utilize and apply these two important organic compounds.