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Phenol and toluene are two important chemical substances with extensive applications in industrial production and daily life. 

Although they have similar names, there are significant differences in their chemical properties and applications. From a chemical structure perspective, the chemical formula of phenol is C6H5OH, which is an aromatic alcohol compound with hydroxyl groups, while the chemical formula of toluene is C6H5CH3, which is an aromatic hydrocarbon substance. 

From a physical perspective, phenol is a white crystalline solid with a unique phenolic odor and toxicity, while toluene is a colorless and transparent liquid with an irritating odor that can be dissolved in most organic solvents. 

From the perspective of application fields, phenol is mainly used as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, synthetic resins, etc. 

It can also be used for wood anti-corrosion treatment and disinfection and sterilization, while toluene is mainly used for the production of chemical products such as phenol, xylene, and para xylene. From a safety perspective, phenol has strong antibacterial and disinfection functions, but high concentrations of phenol are toxic to the human body. Toluene has less toxicity but is irritating to the skin. 

In summary, phenol and toluene have significant differences in chemical structure, physical properties, application fields, and safety. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to their characteristics and choose and use them correctly during use.