Manufacturing method of octadecanol
I. Introduction
Octadecanol, also known as stearyl alcohol, is a long-chain saturated fatty alcohol containing 18 carbon atoms. It has a wide range of applications in the field of raw materials for the production of chemicals, and is often used as an emulsifier, wetting agent, dispersant, thickener and so on. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of octadecanol in detail.
II. Manufacturing method
1. Animal fat method
Animal fat method is one of the main methods to produce octadecanol. This method uses animal fat as raw material, and octadecanol is produced through saponification, acid digestion, distillation and other steps. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Saponification: animal fat is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and heated to boiling for saponification reaction to produce soap and glycerol.
(2) Acid digestion: The saponified material is acidified with sulfuric acid to produce free fatty acid and sodium sulfate.
(3) Distillation: The acidolyzed product is distilled and the fraction at 170-180°C is collected as octadecanol.
2. Vegetable oil and grease method
Vegetable oil and grease method is also one of the common methods to produce octadecanol. This method uses vegetable fats and oils as raw materials, and octadecanol is produced through the steps of hydrogenation, saponification, acid digestion and distillation. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Hydrogenation: the vegetable fats and oils are subjected to hydrogenation reaction, so that the unsaturated fatty acids in them are transformed into saturated fatty acids.
(2) Saponification: The hydrogenated vegetable fats and oils are mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, heated to boiling, and saponification reaction is carried out to produce soap and glycerol.
(3) Acid digestion: The saponified material is acidified with sulfuric acid to produce free fatty acids and sodium sulfate.
(4) Distillation: The acidolyzed product is distilled and the fraction at 170-180°C is collected as octadecanol.
3. Petrochemical method
The petrochemical method is a method of producing octadecanol from petrochemical products. This method usually takes paraffin or wax oil as raw material, and produces octadecanol through catalytic hydrogenation, hydrolysis, distillation and other steps. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Catalytic hydrogenation: Add catalyst to paraffin or wax oil to carry out hydrogenation reaction to produce saturated hydrocarbons.
(2) Hydrolysis: The saturated hydrocarbon is reacted with water under acidic conditions to produce alcohol and acid.
(3) Distillation: The hydrolyzed product is distilled and the fraction at 170-180°C is collected, which is octadecanol.
3. Precautions
1. During the production process, the reaction conditions and operation process of each step need to be strictly controlled to ensure the quality and yield of the product.
2. When using sulfuric acid for acidolysis, it is necessary to pay attention to safety to avoid sulfuric acid splashing out and injuring people.
3. During the distillation process, it is necessary to keep the equipment well sealed to avoid product leakage and environmental pollution.
4. Conclusion
There are various methods of manufacturing octadecanol, including animal fat method, vegetable oil and grease method and petrochemical method. Different methods have different advantages and disadvantages and scope of application, and you can choose the suitable method for production according to the actual situation. During the production process, attention needs to be paid to safety, environmental protection and quality control to ensure the quality and yield of the product.
