Manufacturing method of white phosphorus
I. Introduction
White phosphorus is a very important raw material for the production of chemicals, which is widely used in the fields of pesticides, matches, fireworks and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the manufacturing method of white phosphorus to improve the production efficiency, reduce the cost and improve the product quality. In this paper, a common manufacturing method of white phosphorus will be introduced.
II. Materials and equipment
1. Materials: phosphorus ore, coke, quartz sand.
2. Equipment: electric arc furnace, refining furnace, filter press, dryer and so on.
3. Manufacturing method
1. Ingredients
Mix the phosphorus ore, coke and quartz sand according to a certain proportion to make the furnace charge. The content of phosphorus pentoxide in phosphorus ore should be not less than 30%, coke is used as a reducing agent, and quartz sand is used as a flux.
2. Electric Arc Furnace Melting
The charge is added to the electric arc furnace and melted by electric arc heating. During the melting process, the coke reacts with the phosphorus pentoxide in the phosphate rock to produce phosphorus vapor and carbon monoxide. At the same time, the quartz sand reacts with the coke to produce silicon and carbon monoxide.
3. Refining
The phosphorus-iron alloy obtained by melting in the electric arc furnace is poured into the refining furnace, heated to a certain temperature, and air is passed through for oxidizing and refining. During the refining process, silicon, iron and other elements in the ferro-phosphorus alloy are oxidized to produce oxides, which are separated from phosphorus.
4. Cooling and crystallization
The phosphorus liquid after refining is poured into the cooling crystallizer, cooled to a certain temperature, and white phosphorus crystals are precipitated.
5. Separation and drying
Separate the white phosphorus crystals from the mother liquor, and then dry it with a drier to get white phosphorus products.
4. Precautions
1. In the manufacturing process, each process parameter should be strictly controlled to ensure product quality and production safety.
2. The waste gas and waste residue produced in the manufacturing process should be properly treated to avoid pollution to the environment.
5. Conclusion
This paper introduces a common manufacturing method of white phosphorus, which has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and high production efficiency. By strictly controlling each process parameter, high quality white phosphorus products can be obtained.
