Manufacturing method of industrial synthetic acid
I. INTRODUCTION
In the field of raw materials for the production of industrial chemicals, industrial synthetic acid is a kind of important compounds, which are widely used in various industries, such as metallurgy, medicine, pesticide, food and so on. The common industrial synthetic acids mainly include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and so on. This article will introduce the manufacturing methods of these industrial synthetic acids in detail.
Second, the manufacturing method of sulfuric acid
The manufacturing method of sulfuric acid mainly adopts the contact method. Specific steps are as follows:
1. Sulfurous iron ore roasting: sulfurous iron ore (the main component of FeS2) and air are roasted at high temperature to generate sulfur dioxide gas.
2. Sulfur dioxide oxidation: Sulfur dioxide gas is introduced into the catalyst layer, and air is passed in to carry out oxidation reaction to generate sulfur trioxide gas.
3. Sulfur trioxide absorption: Sulfur trioxide gas is absorbed with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce sulfuric acid.
3. Manufacturing method of nitric acid
The manufacturing method of nitric acid mainly has the following steps:
1. Ammonia oxidation: ammonia gas is mixed with air, passed into the catalyst layer of platinum mesh, and oxidation reaction is carried out at high temperature to generate nitric oxide gas.
2. Nitric oxide oxidation: Nitric oxide gas is mixed with air again and passed into the manganese dioxide catalyst layer to carry out an oxidation reaction to produce nitrogen dioxide gas.
3. Nitrogen dioxide absorption: Nitrogen dioxide gas is absorbed with water to produce nitric acid.
4. Manufacturing method of hydrochloric acid
The manufacturing method of hydrochloric acid is mainly produced by reacting table salt (sodium chloride) with sulfuric acid. Specific steps are as follows:
1. Salt electrolysis: salt is dissolved in water and passed into direct current for electrolysis, generating chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.
2. Reaction of chlorine and hydrogen: Mix chlorine and hydrogen in a certain proportion and ignite the reaction to produce hydrogen chloride gas.
3. Hydrogen chloride absorption: Hydrogen chloride gas is absorbed with water to produce hydrochloric acid.
V. Precautions
In the process of manufacturing industrial synthetic acid, the following matters need to be paid attention to:
1. Strictly control the reaction temperature and pressure to ensure that the reaction is carried out within the safety range.
2. Use suitable catalysts to improve the reaction rate and product selectivity.
3. Separate and treat the reaction products and by-products effectively to avoid environmental pollution.
4. Strengthen equipment maintenance and overhaul to ensure normal operation and improve production efficiency.
6. Conclusion
Industrial synthetic acid has a wide range of applications in the field of raw materials for chemical production, and its manufacturing method varies depending on the type of acid. In the manufacturing process, it is necessary to strictly control the reaction conditions, use suitable catalysts, effectively treat the products and by-products, and pay attention to equipment maintenance and overhaul. By mastering these manufacturing methods, it can improve production efficiency and reduce costs for enterprises, and also contribute to the promotion of the green development of the chemical industry.
