METHOD OF MANUFACTURING COAL TAR (HIGH TEMPERATURE)
I. INTRODUCTION
Coal tar is an important raw material for the production of chemicals, which is widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, synthetic materials and so on. Manufacturing coal tar at high temperature can improve its quality and yield to meet different production needs. In this paper, we will introduce the manufacturing method of coal tar (high temperature), including the steps of raw material preparation, high temperature cracking, condensation separation and refining and purification.
II. Raw material preparation
The main raw material for manufacturing coal tar is coal, and bituminous coal or anthracite with low degree of metamorphism is generally used. Raw coal needs to be crushed, screened, dried and other processes to ensure that its particle size and moisture content meet the production requirements. At the same time, it is also necessary to carry out quality testing of raw coal to determine its volatile matter, ash, sulfur and other indicators to ensure the quality of coal tar.
Three, high-temperature cracking
High-temperature cracking is a key step in the manufacture of coal tar, which requires the raw coal to be heated to a certain temperature, so that it can carry out pyrolysis reaction under the condition of lack of oxygen. This process is generally carried out in tube furnace or fluidized bed reactor, and the temperature is controlled between 700-900℃. Under high temperature, the organic matter in coal decomposes to produce volatile matter and fixed carbon, of which the volatile matter is condensed to obtain coal tar.
Four, condensation and separation
The volatile components generated by high temperature cracking need to be separated by condensation to separate the coal tar from gas and moisture. Generally, cooler and condenser are used for condensation separation to cool the volatile components to a certain temperature, so that the coal tar condenses into liquid, while the gas and moisture are discharged from the system. In order to ensure the quality of coal tar, the condensation separation process needs to be strictly controlled to avoid moisture and impurities from entering into the coal tar. V. Refining and purification
The coal tar obtained through condensation separation also contains some impurities and moisture, and needs to be refined and purified to improve its purity. Generally, distillation, extraction, crystallization and other chemical unit operations are used for refining and purification, to remove impurities and water in coal tar, to obtain high-quality coal tar products. In the process of refining and purification, it is necessary to select appropriate process conditions and operating parameters according to the composition and nature of coal tar to ensure product quality and production efficiency.
VI. Safety and environmental protection measures
In the process of coal tar manufacturing, it is necessary to pay attention to safety and environmental protection measures to ensure that the production process complies with relevant regulations and standards. First of all, it needs to establish a perfect safety management system and operating procedures, strengthen employee safety training and education, and improve safety awareness. Secondly, equipment maintenance and overhaul need to be strengthened to ensure the normal operation of equipment and prevent accidents. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen the treatment and emission control of waste gas, waste water and other pollutants to protect the environment.
VII.CONCLUSION
The manufacturing method of coal tar (high temperature) includes the steps of raw material preparation, high-temperature cracking, condensation and separation, and refining and purification, and it is necessary to strictly control the conditions of each process and the operating parameters to ensure product quality and production efficiency. At the same time, safety and environmental protection measures need to be strengthened to ensure that the production process complies with relevant regulations and standards. By mastering the coal tar manufacturing method, it can provide an important raw material guarantee for chemical production and promote industrial development.
