How to Manufacture Glacial Acetic Acid
Glacial Acetic Acid, also known as pure acetic acid or acetic acid, is an important organic chemical raw material that is widely used in the production of many chemicals. The manufacturing methods of glacial acetic acid will be introduced in detail below.
I. Acetaldehyde oxidation
Acetaldehyde oxidation is the main method to produce glacial acetic acid, and its production process includes two main steps: acetaldehyde oxidation and refining of oxidation products.
1. Acetaldehyde oxidation
In the presence of a catalyst, acetaldehyde reacts with air or oxygen to form acetic acid. This reaction is exothermic and requires strict control of the reaction temperature to avoid overheating and side reactions. Commonly used catalysts are manganese acetate and cobalt acetate.
2. Refining of oxidized products
The products obtained from the oxidation reaction contain water, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, etc., which need to be refined to obtain pure glacial acetic acid. The refining methods usually used are distillation, extraction, etc.
II. Low-carbon hydrocarbon oxidation method
Low-carbon hydrocarbon oxidation method takes low-carbon hydrocarbon (such as methane, ethane, etc.) as raw material, and generates acetic acid through oxidation reaction. The method is divided into one-step method and two-step method.
1. One-step method
In the one-step method, low carbon hydrocarbons are directly oxidized to produce acetic acid. This reaction needs to be carried out at high temperature and pressure and also requires the use of precious metal catalysts.
2. Two-step method
The two-step method first oxidizes low carbon hydrocarbons to form acetaldehyde, and then the acetaldehyde is oxidized to form acetic acid. The conditions of this method are relatively mild and a non-precious metal catalyst can be used.
Three, ethanol oxidation method
Ethanol oxidation method is to use ethanol as raw material, through oxidation reaction to generate acetic acid. Commonly used oxidizing agents include oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. This method usually requires the presence of catalysts such as copper, silver, etc.
The above introduces three main methods of manufacturing glacial acetic acid, each of which has its own characteristics and applicable occasions. In actual production, it is necessary to choose a suitable method according to the source of raw materials, production cost, environmental protection requirements and other factors.
Regardless of which method is adopted, the manufacture of glacial acetic acid needs to strictly abide by the safety production norms to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the production process. Meanwhile, the waste and by-products of the production process need to be reasonably treated and utilized to reduce the impact on the environment.
Overall, the manufacture of glacial acetic acid is a complex project that requires comprehensive consideration of several factors, including raw material sources, production costs, environmental protection requirements, and technical level. Only through continuous research and practice can the production efficiency and quality of glacial acetic acid be continuously improved to meet the demand of chemical production.
