Heptane Manufacturing Methods
Heptane is a common raw material for chemical production, widely used in the fields of fuel, solvent and chemical synthesis. The main manufacturing methods of heptane are petroleum separation method, synthetic method and biological method. This article will introduce these three manufacturing methods in detail.
I. Petroleum Separation Method
Petroleum separation method is the main way to obtain heptane, which can be separated from petroleum through distillation, cracking and other steps in the petroleum refining process. Specifically, the oil separation method mainly includes the following steps:
1. Crude oil pretreatment: the crude oil will be desulfurized, dehydrated and other treatments, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the subsequent processing.
2. atmospheric distillation: the crude oil after pretreatment is subjected to atmospheric distillation to separate the light fraction and heavy fraction. Heptane is mainly present in the light fraction.
3. Reduced Pressure Distillation: The heavy fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation is subjected to reduced pressure distillation to further separate more heptane.
The purity of heptane obtained by petroleum separation is higher, but is limited by the quality and yield of the crude oil.
II. Synthesis
Synthesis is the method of converting raw materials into heptane by chemical reaction. Common synthetic methods include the following:
1. Olefin zwitterionization method: take low carbon olefins (such as ethylene, propylene, etc.) as raw materials, and carry out zwitterionization reaction under the action of catalyst to produce high-level alkanes such as heptane.
2. Alcohol dehydration method: alcohols (e.g. ethanol, propanol, etc.) are used as raw materials, and olefins are generated through dehydration reaction, and then further zwitterionization reaction is carried out to generate heptane.
3. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Using synthesis gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) as raw material, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is carried out under a catalyst and high pressure to produce hydrocarbon compounds such as heptane.
Synthesis method can adjust the product purity and yield according to the demand, but the production process needs to consume a lot of energy and raw materials.
Third, biological method
Biological method is a method of converting raw materials into heptane through the metabolic action of microorganisms. Biological method mainly includes the following steps:
1. Microbial screening: screen microbial strains that can metabolize specific raw materials and produce heptane.
2. Medium preparation: Preparation of a medium suitable for microbial growth and metabolism.
3. Fermentation process: Inoculate the microbial strains into the culture medium and control the fermentation conditions to enable the microbes to metabolize and produce heptane.
4. Product extraction: Heptane is extracted from the fermentation broth by distillation and extraction.
Biological method has the advantages of environmental protection and sustainability, but it is still in the research stage and has not yet realized large-scale industrial production.
Summary:
The main manufacturing methods of heptane are petroleum separation method, synthetic method and biological method. Petroleum separation method is the main way to obtain heptane at present, but it is limited by the quality and yield of crude oil; synthetic method can adjust the purity and yield of the product according to the demand, but it needs to consume a large amount of energy and raw materials in the production process; bio-method has the advantages of environmental protection, sustainability and so on, but it is still in the research stage. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and environmental protection requirements, the biological method may become an important development direction for heptane manufacturing.
