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How Will You Show That Acetic Acid is Monobasic Acid? What is a monoacid

To answer the question 'How will you show that acetic acid is monobasic acid', the first step is to understand what a monobasic acid is. Unit acid refers to an acid in which each molecule can ionize a hydrogen ion (H ⁺) in an aqueous solution. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO ∝) are both monobasic acids. Its characteristic is that each acid molecule can only release one hydrogen ion in the solution

Chemical structure of acetic acid

To prove that acetic acid (CH3 COOH) is a unitary acid, we need to first understand its chemical structure. Acetic acid molecules contain a carboxyl group (- COOH), in which the hydrogen atom is ionizable. In water, acetic acid will partially ionize, generating acetate ions (CH3 COO ⁻) and hydrogen ions (H ⁺). This ionization reaction is shown as follows:

[ \text{CH}3\text{COOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}3\text{COO}^- + \text{H}^+ ]

From this reaction equation, it can be seen that each acetic acid molecule releases only one hydrogen ion in the solution, which is the definition of a monoacid. Therefore, from the molecular structure and ionization reaction, we can preliminarily prove that acetic acid is a unitary acid

Acid base titration experiment verification

To further validate the statement 'How will you show that acetic acid is monobasic acid', it can be demonstrated through acid-base titration experiments. We can use sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the standard base to titrate acetic acid solution. In this process, each H ⁺ ion in acetic acid will neutralize with OH ⁻ ions in NaOH, generating water and sodium acetate (CH3 COONa). The chemical reaction equation is as follows:

[ \text{CH}3\text{COOH} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}3\text{COONa} + \text {H}_2 \text{O} ]

According to the titration results, it can be observed that 1 mole of acetic acid undergoes a complete neutralization reaction with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide, which further proves that acetic acid is a unitary acid because it only provides one hydrogen ion per molecule to react with the base

Conductivity experiment

Another method to verify that acetic acid is a unitary acid is through conductivity experiments. Due to acetic acid being a weak electrolyte, it only partially ionizes in aqueous solutions. By measuring the conductivity of acetic acid solutions of different concentrations, we can see that the number of hydrogen ions produced by ionization is limited. Compared with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, the conductivity of acetic acid is lower and consistent with the theoretical conductivity of unit acids. This further proves that acetic acid is a unitary acid, as its conductivity behavior conforms to the characteristic of ionizing only one hydrogen ion per molecule

Summary

By analyzing the chemical structure of acetic acid, acid-base titration experiments, and conductivity experiments, we can clearly answer the question "how will you show that acetic acid is monobasic acidic". Acetic acid is a unitary acid because it ionizes only one hydrogen ion per molecule in aqueous solution, which meets the definition of a unitary acid. Through these experiments and analyses, we can systematically and scientifically prove this point