The manufacturing method of ortho chlorophenol is an important organic chemical raw material widely used in fields such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc. With the development of technology, the manufacturing method of o-chlorophenol is also constantly improving and optimizing. This article will introduce several common methods for producing ortho chlorophenol and analyze their advantages and disadvantages
2、 The properties and uses of o-chlorophenol
o-chlorophenol is a colorless or slightly yellow crystalline solid with an irritating odor. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ethers. Chlorophenol has strong toxicity and corrosiveness, and needs to be properly stored and used
Chlorophenol has a wide range of applications in fields such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. It can be used as a raw material for fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and can also be used in the production of antioxidants, fragrances, plastic additives, and so on
3、 The manufacturing method of o-chlorophenol
1 Chlorobenzene method is one of the main methods for producing ortho chlorophenol. This method uses chlorobenzene as the raw material and undergoes steps such as chlorination, hydrolysis, and acidification to produce ortho chlorophenol. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Chlorination: Chlorination reaction is carried out between chlorobenzene and chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst to generate a mixture of dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene
(2) Hydrolysis: Mix chlorinated products with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, heat and reflux to hydrolyze dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene to form sodium ortho chlorophenol salt
(3) Acidification: Acidify sodium ortho chlorophenol with sulfuric acid to obtain crude ortho chlorophenol
(4) Refinement: Distill and crystallize the crude product to obtain pure ortho chlorophenol
The advantages of chlorobenzene method are easy availability of raw materials, mature production process, and good product quality. However, this method generates a large amount of wastewater and exhaust gas during the production process, which causes significant environmental pollution
2. Phenol method
Phenol method is a method of preparing ortho chlorophenol from phenol through chlorination reaction. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Chlorination: Phenol and chlorine gas are chlorinated in the presence of a catalyst to generate a mixture of ortho chlorophenol and para chlorophenol
(2) Separation: Separate o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol through distillation and other methods
(3) Refinement: Distill and crystallize ortho chlorophenol to obtain a pure product
The advantages of phenol method are easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, and simple operation. However, the product obtained by this method is a mixture of o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol, which requires separation and refinement, resulting in high production costs
3. Nitrobenzene method
Nitrobenzene method is a method of preparing o-chlorophenol from nitrobenzene as raw material through reduction, chlorination, and other steps. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Reduction: Reduce nitrobenzene to aniline
(2) Chlorination: Chlorination reaction between aniline and chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst to produce ortho chloroaniline
(3) Hydrolysis: Hydrolyze o-chloroaniline to produce o-chlorophenol
The advantages of nitrobenzene method are easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, and good product quality. However, this method generates a large amount of wastewater and exhaust gas during the production process, which causes significant environmental pollution
4、 Conclusion: There are various manufacturing methods for ortho chlorophenol, each with its own advantages, disadvantages, and applicability. In actual production, appropriate manufacturing methods should be selected based on specific situations, and the optimization and improvement of production processes should be strengthened to improve product quality and reduce production costs. At the same time, efforts should be made to strengthen the treatment and comprehensive utilization of waste, in order to reduce environmental pollution.
