Manufacturing method of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons
I. INTRODUCTION
Heavy aromatic hydrocarbons are an important class of raw materials for the production of chemicals, which are widely used in the fields of fuels, plastics, rubbers, fibers, coatings and so on. With the development of industry and the progress of science and technology, the manufacturing methods of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons are becoming more and more mature. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons, including raw material selection, reaction principle, process flow, equipment selection and other aspects of the content.
II. Selection of raw materials
The raw materials for the manufacture of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons mainly come from petroleum and coal. Among them, heavy distillates in petroleum are commonly used raw materials, such as depressurized residual oil, cracked residual oil and so on. These raw materials are rich in aromatic components, and high quality heavy aromatic hydrocarbon products can be obtained through appropriate processing.
Three, reaction principle
The manufacturing process of heavy aromatics mainly involves two aspects: chemical reaction and physical separation. The specific reaction principles are as follows:
1. Cracking reaction: Under the action of high temperature and catalyst, the large molecule hydrocarbons in the raw oil undergo cracking reaction to produce small molecule hydrocarbons and hydrogen.
2. Aromatization reaction: the small molecule hydrocarbons generated from cracking reaction under the action of acid catalyst, undergo aromatization reaction to generate aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen.
3. Condensation reaction: Condensation reaction occurs between aromatic hydrocarbon molecules to produce larger molecules of aromatic compounds.
The composition and properties of heavy aromatic products can be adjusted by controlling the reaction conditions and the type and amount of catalyst.
4. Process Flow
The manufacturing process of heavy aromatics mainly consists of the following steps:
1. Raw Material Pre-treatment: Pre-treat the raw material oil with desulfurization, denitrogenation, dehydration, etc. in order to ensure the smooth progress of the subsequent reaction.
2. Cracking Reaction: Under the action of high temperature and catalyst, the feed oil undergoes cracking reaction to generate small molecule hydrocarbons and hydrogen.
3. Aromatization: The small molecule hydrocarbons generated from the cracking reaction are aromatized under the action of an acidic catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen.
4. Fractionation: The reaction products are separated by means of a fractionation column to obtain heavy aromatic products with different boiling points.
5. Product refining: Refine the heavy aromatic hydrocarbon products, remove the impurities and water, and get qualified products.
V. Equipment Selection
In the manufacturing process of heavy aromatics, the equipment to be used includes reactors, fractionating columns, pumps, heat exchangers and so on. When selecting equipment, the following factors need to be considered:
1. The structure and material of the equipment can adapt to high temperature, high pressure, corrosion and other harsh working environment.
2. The operation and maintenance of the equipment is simple and easy to ensure the stability and reliability of production.
3. The energy consumption and emission of the equipment meet the requirements of environmental protection, which can reduce production costs and improve economic efficiency.
VI. Conclusion
The manufacturing method of heavy aromatics involves several chemical reactions and physical separation processes, which requires the selection of suitable raw materials, reaction conditions and equipment. By controlling the production process and optimizing equipment selection, the quality and yield of heavy aromatic hydrocarbon products can be improved, the production cost can be reduced, and greater economic and social benefits can be created for the enterprise.
