Manufacturing method of p-chlorotoluene
I. Introduction
p-chlorotoluene is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes and other fields. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the manufacturing method of p-chlorotoluene. In this paper, we will introduce the manufacturing method of p-chlorotoluene, including raw materials, process flow, reaction principle, equipment, operation steps, control methods and three-waste treatment.
II. Raw materials
The main raw materials for manufacturing p-chlorotoluene are toluene and chlorine. Toluene is a common organic solvent and chlorine is a common halogenating agent. The manufacturing process of p-chlorotoluene consists of the following steps:
1. chlorination of toluene;
2. separation and purification of the product. The reaction principle
Toluene and chlorine gas under the action of catalyst, the substitution reaction to produce p-chlorotoluene and hydrogen chloride. The specific reaction equation is as follows:
C6H5CH3 + Cl2 → C6H4ClCH3 + HCl
V. Equipments
The main equipments for the manufacture of p-chlorotoluene include chlorination reactor, condenser, separation tower, and purification equipment.
VI.OPERATING STEPS
1. Add toluene and catalyst into the chlorination reactor;
2. Pass chlorine gas and control the reaction temperature and time;
3. After the reaction, cool the product and separate p-chloro-toluene;
4. Purify the crude product to obtain p-chloro-toluene with high purity.
VII. Control Methods
During the manufacturing process, it is necessary to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction and the quality of the product by monitoring the parameters such as temperature, pressure and chlorine flow. It is also necessary to carry out regular maintenance and overhaul of the equipment to ensure its normal operation.
VIII, three waste treatment
The waste gas, waste water and solid waste generated during the manufacturing process need to be properly treated to avoid pollution of the environment. Specific treatment methods include absorption, adsorption, incineration and biological treatment.
IX.CONCLUSION
The manufacturing method of p-chlorotoluene involves several process steps and operational details, which need to be carried out under strictly controlled conditions. Through reasonable process design and operation control, p-chlorotoluene products with high purity and stable quality can be obtained. At the same time, the three wastes generated in the production process also need to be properly handled to protect the environment and ensure production safety. Through continuous research and practice, the manufacturing process of p-chlorotoluene can be further optimized to improve the production efficiency and quality and contribute to the development of the chemical industry.
