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Nonyl Phenol

Nonylphenol (NP) is an alkylphenol and together with its derivatives, such as trisnonylphenol phosphite (TNP) and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO), they are used as additives in the plastic industry, e.g., in polypropylene where nonylphenol ethoxylates are used as hydrophilic surface modifiers or as stabilizer during crystallization of polypropylene to enhance their mechanical properties. They are also used as antioxidant, antistatic agents, and plasticizer in polymers, and as stabilizer in plastic food packaging materials. In the preparation of lubricating oil additives, resins, plasticizers, surface active agents. Principal use as an intermediate in the production of nonionic ethoxylated surfactants; as an intermediate in the manufacture of phosphite antioxidants used for the plastics and rubber industries

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N-Propyl acetate

Application: Solvent; in flavoring agents and perfumes. n-Propyl acetate is used as a solvent forcellulose derivatives, plastics, and resins;in flavors and perfumes; and in organicsynthesis. manufacturing flavors, perfumes. Solvent for resins, cellulose derivatives, plastics.

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polyurethane

Polyurethanes are one of the most versatile materials in the world today. Their many uses range from flexible foam in upholstered furniture, to rigid foam as insulation in walls, roofs and appliances to thermoplastic polyurethane used in medical devices and footwear, to coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers used on floors and automotive interiors[17,18]. Polyurethanes have increasingly been used during the past thirty years in a variety of applications due to their comfort, cost benefits, energy savings and potential environmental soundness. What are some of the factors that make polyurethanes so desirable? Polyurethane durability contributes significantly to the long lifetimes of many products. The extensions of product life cycle and resource conservation are important environmental considerations that often favor the selection of polyurethanes[19-21]. Polyurethanes (PUs) represent an important class of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers as their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties can be tailored by the reaction of various polyols and poly-isocyanates.

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Toluene Diisocyanate(TDI)

Toluene diisocyanates are used primarily to manufacture flexible polyurethane foams for use in furniture, bedding, and automotive and airline seats. Other, smaller uses are for polyurethane elastomers (for automobile bumper covers, industrial rollers, sport soles and boots, and mechanical goods) and coatings (for automotive refinishing, wood finishes, and high-performance anti-corrosion coatings)(ICIS 2009). Toluene diisocyanate–based rigid polyurethane foam is used in household refrigerators and for residential sheathing or commercial roofing in board or laminate form (IARC 1986). “Pour-inplace” or “spray-in” rigid foam is used as insulation for truck trailers, railroad freight cars, and cargo containers. Polyurethane-modified alkyds contain approximately 6% to 7% isocyanate, mostly toluene diisocyanates, and are used as coating materials, such as floor finishes, wood finishes, and paints. Moisture-curing coatings are used as wood and concrete sealants and floor finishes. Aircraft, truck, and passenger-car coatings often are composed of toluene diisocyanate prepolymer systems. Castable urethane elastomers are used in applications requiring strength, flexibility, and shock absorption, and are resistant to oil, solvents, and ultraviolet radiation. They are used in adhesive and sealant compounds and in automobile parts, shoe soles,rollerskate wheels, pond liners, and blood bags. They are also used inoil fields and mines. Certain elastomer products are produced from the pure 2,4 isomer rather than the 80:20 mixture. The functional groups in TDI react with hydroxyl groups to form urethane linkages, which are used in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams for use in furniture, bedding, and automotive and commercial transportation seating. Other uses include polyurethane elastomers used in automobile bumper covers, industrial rollers, sporting footwear, as well as mechanical goods and coatings (metal, wood, and highperformance anticorrosion coatings). TDI-based rigid polyurethane foam is used in household refrigerators and for residential construction such as sheathing and commercial roofing. TDI spray-in rigid foam is used as insulation for truck trailers, railroad freight cars, and overseas cargo containers. Moisture-curing TDI coatings are used as wood and concrete sealants and floor finishes.

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Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is primarily used in the manufacture of lacquers and paints, as an anti-freeze in industrial engines, a tailing agent for inks used on very high-speed presses, a coupling agent for resins and dyes in waterbased inks, and a solvent for celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, and stains. It is also used in cleaning products such as glass and rug cleaners, carbon and grease removers, and paint and varnish removers; and in pesticide formulations as a solvent for applications to crops and animals. PGME is used as a solvent for cellulose, acrylics, dyes, inks, and cellophane. A glycol ether and a good biological indicator of exposure.

Price : $ 1080 /Ton ( FOB )

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Benzene

Benzene is also converted to cyclohexane, which is used to produce nylon and synthetic fibers. Benzene occurs in coal and coal-tar distillationproducts and in petroleum products suchas gasoline. It is also found in the gases andleachates of landfills for industrial wastes,construction debris, and landscaping refuse(Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1989). Traceamounts of benzene, toluene, xylenes, andother volatile organics have been found inthe soils and groundwaters near many sanitarylandfills (U.S. EPA 1989a,b). Kramer(1989) has assessed the level of exposuresto benzene during removal, cleaning, pumping,and testing of underground gasoline storagetanks. The average human exposureswere 0.43–3.84 ppm (in 1.5–6 hours) and thehighest short-term (15–minute) exposure was9.14 ppm. Benzene also occurs in the tobaccosmoke (Hoffmann et al. 1989); thus the riskof its exposure may enhance from inhalingsuch smoke. Benzene is used as a solvent for waxes,resins, and oils; as a paint remover; as a diluentfor lacquers; in the manufacture of dyes,pharmaceuticals, varnishes, and linoleum;and as a raw material to produce a numberof organic compounds.

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Butadiene

1,3-Butadiene is a petroleum product obtainedby catalytic cracking of naphtha orlight oil or by dehydrogenation of buteneor butane. It is used to produce butadiene–styrene elastomer (for tires), syntheticrubber, thermoplastic elastomers, foodwrapping materials, and in the manufactureof adiponitrile. It is also used forthe synthesis of organics by Diels–Aldercondensation. Synthetic elastomers (styrene-butadiene, polybutadiene, neoprene, nitriles), ABS resins, chemical intermediate. 1,3-Butadiene can undergo a four-component coupling reaction with aryl Grignard reagents, and alkyl fluorides in the presence of nickel catalyst to form 1,6-octadiene carbon compound substituted with alkyl and aryl groups at the 3- and 8-positions. 1,3-Butadiene is a useful diene for Diels Alder reaction. It may be used in the synthesis of the following: 1-Silyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes, by [RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)2]-catalyzed silylative coupling of terminal (E)-1,3-dienes with vinylsilanes. Synthetic rubber and thermoplastic resins. Disilylated dimers by reacting with chlorosilanes. Octa-2,7-dien-1-ol via palladium catalyzed-hydrodimerization.

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Epichlorohydrin

Epichlorohydrin is used to make glycerol,epoxy resins, adhesive, and castings; asderivatives for producing dyes, pharmaceu-ticals, surfactants, and plasticizers; and asa solvent for resins, gums, paints, andvarnishes. Commercially the most important use is production of glycerine. Large volumes are consumed in nonglycerine areas, which largely consist of the various epoxy resins. It has use as a solvent and in the production of epichlorohydrin rubber. Solvent for natural and synthetic resins, gums, cellulose esters and ethers, paints, varnishes, nail enamels and lacquers, cement for Celluloid. As stabilizer.